Bladder Cancer

  • Bladder cancer is a type of malignancy that originates in the tissues of the bladder, a hollow organ located in the lower abdomen that stores urine produced by the kidneys. The most prevalent form of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma. which begins in the urothelial cells lining the inside of the bladder. These cells are also found in the ureters and urethra, which can mean the cancer may spread to these areas as well. Other, less common types of bladder cancer include squamous cell carcinoma, which is often associated with chronic irritation of the bladder, and adenocarcinoma, which arises from glandular cells.

    Symptoms of bladder cancer may include haematuria (blood in the urine), frequent urination, pain during urination (dysuria), and lower back pain. In advanced cases, patients may also experience weight loss, fatigue, and swelling in the legs. Early detection and treatment are crucial for better outcomes, and treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor for recurrence or progression of the disease.

  • Bladder cancer diagnosis typically involves a combination of several tests and procedures, overseen by a treating clinician such as Dr. Deanne. The process often begins with a thorough medical history and physical examination to understand the patient's symptoms and risk factors. This initial step allows Dr Deanne to gather valuable information about the patient's health background and any potential lifestyle factors that could contribute to bladder cancer.

    Following this, Dr Deanne might recommend a series of urine tests designed to detect cancer cells or substances produced by tumours. These tests, such as urine cytology or urine molecular tests, can help identify abnormalities at a cellular level, providing early indications of cancer.

    Imaging tests like CT scans, MRI, or ultrasound are usually the next step. These advanced imaging techniques can provide detailed and high-resolution images of the bladder and surrounding organs, helping to pinpoint the exact location, size, and extent of any tumours. This imaging is crucial for planning further diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.

    Cystoscopy is another key procedure in diagnosing bladder cancer. During a cystoscopy, Dr Deanne inserts a thin, flexible tube equipped with a camera through the urethra into the bladder. This allows for a direct visual inspection of the bladder's interior, making it possible to identify any abnormal growths, lesions, or tumours that might not be visible through imaging alone.

    If suspicious areas are found during the cystoscopy, Dr Deanne may perform a biopsy to obtain tissue samples. These samples are then examined microscopically by a pathologist to confirm the presence of cancer cells. This biopsy is a critical step in determining the exact nature and stage of the cancer, enabling the development of a targeted treatment plan.

    Throughout this diagnostic process, Dr Deanne ensures that the patient is well-informed and supported, explaining each step and its significance. This comprehensive approach not only aids in early detection and accurate diagnosis but also helps in crafting a personalized treatment strategy tailored to the patient's specific needs.

  • Bladder cancer treatment options vary depending on the stage and severity of the disease. Traditional methods include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy. Surgical options range from transurethral resection, which is less invasive and suitable for early-stage cancers, to more extensive procedures like radical cystectomy, where the entire bladder is removed. Chemotherapy can be administered before surgery to shrink tumors or after to kill remaining cancer cells. Radiation therapy uses high-energy beams to target and destroy cancer cells, often combined with other treatments. Immunotherapy boosts the body's immune system to fight cancer more effectively. Each treatment plan is tailored to the individual, considering factors such as overall health, the cancer's stage, and the patient's preferences.

    A prominent and increasingly favoured approach is robotic radical cystectomy. This minimally invasive technique, performed by Dr Deanne, employs robotic technology to enhance precision and reduce recovery times. During the procedure, robotic arms, controlled by Dr Deanne from a console, make small incisions for the removal of the bladder and possibly surrounding tissues or organs affected by cancer. This method offers several advantages, including reduced blood loss, quicker postoperative recovery, and decreased risk of complications. Additionally, the enhanced visualisation provided by the robotic system allows for meticulous dissection and reconstruction, which can significantly improve patient outcomes.